Postfermentation Treatments and Related Topics. Ron S. Jackson, in Wine Science (Second Edition), 2000 BENTONITE. Bentonite is a form of montmorillonite clay widely employed as a fining agent. It is used in clarifying juice and wines, in removing heat-unstable proteins, and in limiting the development of copper casse. Depending on the …
powder into the base liquid. • The bentonite particles must be reduced to their finest constituent parts to expose the maximum surface area to the surrounding liquid and activate the gelling effect. • A degree of shear is required to obtain functionality. • Vigorous in-tank movement must be maintained as the viscosity rises.
3.2 Dispersion System Viscosity. Bentonite colloid dispersion viscosity is dependent on the colloidal concentrations, salinity of the solvent, and temperature. The results shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 indicate that increase in concentration and salinity increases apparent viscosity. It is also found from results that increase in temperature ...
The utilization of greens resources is a grand challenge for this century. A lot of efforts are paid to substitute toxic ingredients of the conventional drilling mud system with nontoxic natural materials. In this paper, the effect of the natural polymer chitosan on the rheology and stability of sodium-bentonite drilling mud was investigated in the polymer …
In general, two classes of bentonite can be distinguished: sodium bentonite possessing a high swelling ability and non-swelling calcium bentonite which immediately disperse in water [9, 14]. The surface of the hexagonal bentonite particles carries a negative net charge as a result of the isomorphic substitution between the sheets'
Clays consist of fine particles (clay minerals) which under certain conditions can be dispersed in water, forming a fairly stable dispersion. The stability of the clay mineral dispersions depends on the pH, solid/liquid ratio, and most of all on the type and concentration of dissolved ions. The difference between the dispersibility of different …
The Hamaker constant depends on the nature of the material of the particles. In the case where liquid is the dispersion medium, rather than a vacuum, this constant must be replaced by an effective Hamaker constant, calculated from the expression: (6) A= A 2 − A 1 2 where A 1 refers to the dispersion medium and A 2 to the particles. 2.4.1.3.
The permanent negative surface charge of the bentonite structure facilitates cationic dye adsorption. However, its positive charge deficiency impairs the adsorption of most common anionic pollutants of domestic and industrial wastewater (Li et al. 2011; Ren et al. 2014; da Silva et al. 2018). Even after that, the tunable properties of bentonite ...
Clay is closely associated with the drilling of oil and gas by influencing the shale wellbore stability and the rheology of drilling fluids. In this work, four imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) were used to modify the typical clay (i.e., sodium bentonite (Na-Bent)), and their effects on the Na-Bent rheological and swelling properties were …
Bentonite dispersions are used in many civil engineering applications. Most impressive is the diaphragm-walling technique. A thixotropic bentonite dispersion is used as an intermediate supporting material, obviating the need for revetting (retaining wall) when the trench is excavated.
The floc may float to the top or settle to the bottom of the liquid, as well can be readily filtered from the liquid. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation. Dispersion – a system in which solid or liquid particles are dispersed in a continuous phase (liquid, gas, or even solid) of different composition. In soils ...
A layer of hydrated bentonite provides a dense, low porosity barrier to fluid flow that exhibits a typical hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10-9 cm/sec. The property of swelling …
The Rheological and Colloidal Properties of Bentonite Dispersions in the Presence of Organic Compounds V. Bentonite and Sodium Montmorillonite and Surfactants - Volume 43 Issue 2 ... When the dispersion pHs were >3.5 and <7, ... Effect of clay charge density and adsorbed ions on the rheology of montmorillonite suspension.
1. Introduction. One application of calcium bentonite with a significant market is the decolourization of vegetable, animal and mineral oils. Most of the calcium bentonite used for filtering and decolourizing oils is acid activated (Odom, 1984).Acid treatment with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid removes the calcium cations from the surfaces and edges …
The modified bentonite has better dispersion performance at high temperature and pressure. ... And the specific gravity of bentonite suspension was measured by liquid densimeter. The formula (2 ...
montmorillonite/ionic liquid ionogels Andrew V. Noskov, * Olga V. Alekseeva, Valeriya D. Shibaeva and Alexander V. Agafonov Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was synthesized as a result of two-stage processing of natural bentonite (Bent), and its particle-size distribution, structure and morphology were studied. It was found
As in the case of the bentonite-only dispersion, the solid to liquid transition occurs in correspondence to a critical strain of about 30%. ... Once adsorbed onto these positively charged sites, it imparts them a negative charge, which given the negative charge of the basal surfaces of the bentonite, effectively limits edge to face interactions ...
A. Selection the liquid the powder will be dispersed in. B. Wetting the powder surface as it is placed in the liquid. C. Adding energy to de-agglomerate the particles. D. Stabilizing the mixture using appropriate chemistry. A. Selecting the liquid The fi rst criteria for the liquid used for the particle size
In addition, bentonite is characterized by having micro-particles with a very small diameter (D 50) usually less than 5 µm; thus, it has a large surface area to mass ratio [17]. Therefore, due to the chemical and physical properties of bentonite clay, it forms a highly stable dispersion when water.
Sohar Ashapura Chemicals. Sohar Ashapura Chemicals LLC, established in 2012, produces Bentonite API, IOP, Barite 4.1 & 4.2 at its 200,000 TPA plant Sohar, Oman.
The colloidal state of the montmorillonite particles in the bentonite dispersion is decisive in many practical applications. ... (10 −4 M LiCl) and a Gouy plane charge of 0.038 Cm −2 which is approximately 30% of the layer charge. 2. Materials and methods. Bentonite from Wyoming (Greenbond, M40 and M40A) and from Bavaria …
The porosity of filter cake of drilling mud with 2% and 8% of bentonite using porous media was lower than the porosity of filter cake of drilling mud using API filter paper by 4% and 8% respectively (Fig. 16) because of the interaction (cations and density of surface charge) between the bentonite sodium montmorilonite and the field clay soil ...
Mixing equipment must be capable of rapidly incorporating and dispersing the powder into the base liquid. The bentonite particles must be reduced to their finest constituent parts to expose the maximum surface area to …
In this paper, two fluids are considered: a 5% bentonite dispersion in a 1% w/w CMC LV water solution, named 1LVB5 and a 5% bentonite dispersion in a 0.5% w/w CMC HV water solution, named 0.5HVB5. The dispersions were carefully prepared according to procedures which had been defined in previous works and after an ageing …
The rheological behavior of the bentonite dispersion was studied at different ionic strength and solid content. The yield and flow behavior of the dispersion changed with both the ionic strength ...
Apart from material-specific data and chemical information about the liquid phase, these authors present selectivity coefficients and, if available, free energies, …
The liquid state is a homogeneous phase, while the sol state is inhomogeneous due to the presence of some clusters characterized by a finite lifetime. ... (pH = 10) and low ionic strength. Au et al. showed that LAP platelets in dispersion have a negative charge in the range of pH between 3 and 12. The interaction type (attractive or …
In this paper, the rheological behavior of a commercial bentonite dispersion in both quasi-static and dynamic conditions is studied at different ionic …
Bentonite Dispersions 117 into the dispersion. TABLE I. Composition of the bentonite used in the experiment. Component SiO 2 Al 2O 3 Fe 2O 3 CaO MgO K 2O Na 2O Loss on Ignition Mass fraction 60:77 ...
Influence of combined natural deep eutectic solvent and polyacrylamide on the flocculation and rheological behaviors of bentonite dispersion. Author ... On the other hand, at high shear, a liquid-like ... due to the addition of cationic NADES and CPAM to the suspension results in a complete saturation of the negatively charged bentonite ...